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Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
WPF Items Controls
Menus
Unlike in
Win32-based technologies, WPF menus are not special-cased over other controls
to have distinct prominence or limitations. They are just another set of items
controls, designed for the hierarchical display of items in a series of
cascading pop-ups.
<Menu>
<MenuItem Header="_File">
<MenuItem Header="_New..."/>
<MenuItem Header="_Open..."/>
<Separator/>
<MenuItem Header="Sen_d
To">
<MenuItem Header="Mail
Recipient"/>
<MenuItem Header="My
Documents"/>
</MenuItem>
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_Edit">
…
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_View">
…
</MenuItem>
</Menu>
In a Menu
control MenuItem contains many properties for customizing
its behavior. For examples:
·
Icon: Enables you to
add an arbitrary object to be placed beside the Header.
Normally small image uses
·
IsCheckable: Enables you
to make a MenuItem act like a CheckBox control
·
InputGestureText: Enables you to label an item with an associated gesture (most
commonly, a keyboard shortcut such as Ctrl+O)
The only
public API that Menu adds to its ItemsControl base class is the IsMainMenu property. When true (which it is by default) the Menu gets focus when the user presses the Alt or F10 key,
matching user expectations for Win32 menus.
Normally menu
items show horizontally. But when want to show vertical alignment use stack
panel. The default orientation for StackPanel is vertical, so you don’t need to
set the Orientation property in
this case.
<Menu>
<Menu.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<StackPanel/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</Menu.ItemsPanel>
<MenuItem Header="_File">
<MenuItem Header="_New..."/>
<MenuItem Header="_Open..."/>
<Separator/>
<MenuItem Header="Sen_d
To">
<MenuItem Header="Mail
Recipient"/>
<MenuItem Header="My
Documents"/>
</MenuItem>
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_Edit">
…
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_View">
…
</MenuItem>
</Menu>
It works just like a menu but, can’t embed ContextMenu directly in an element tree,
however. You must attach it to a control via an appropriate property. When a
user right-clicks on the control (or presses Shift+F10), the context menu is
displayed.
<ListBox>
<ListBox.ContextMenu>
<ContextMenu>
…The
three MenuItems from Listing 4.3…
</ContextMenu>
</ListBox.ContextMenu>
<Menu>
<Menu.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<StackPanel/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</Menu.ItemsPanel>
<MenuItem Header="_File">
<MenuItem Header="_New..."/>
<MenuItem Header="_Open..."/>
<Separator/>
<MenuItem Header="Sen_d
To">
<MenuItem
Header="Mail
Recipient"/>
<MenuItem
Header="My
Documents"/>
</MenuItem>
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_Edit">
…
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_View">
…
</MenuItem>
</Menu>
</ListBox>
TreeView
TreeView is a popular control for displaying
hierarchical data with nodes that can be expanded and collapsed. It is like a
menu. It can contain any items, and stacks them vertically. But TreeView is pretty pointless unless you fill it with
TreeViewItems.
<TreeView Name="TreeView1">
<TreeViewItem Header="Desktop"
Name="TreeItemDesktop">
<TreeViewItem Header="Computer">
…
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="Recycle
Bin">
…
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="Control
Panel">
<TreeViewItem Header="Programs"/>
<TreeViewItem Header="Security"/>
<TreeViewItem Header="User
Accounts"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="Network">
…
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeView>
IsExpanded and
IsSelected properties contain in a treeView.
Try with these to handle above properties.
<TreeViewItem Header="Control
Panel" Name="TreeItemContPanel">
<TreeViewItem Header="Desktop" Name="TreeItemDesktop">
In
the .cs part:
TreeItemDesktop.IsSelected
= true;
TreeItemContPanel.IsExpanded
= true;
ToolBar
ToolBar control is typically uses to group together many small controls.
<ToolBar Height="29" Margin="12,12,19,0" VerticalAlignment="Top">
<Button><Image Source="Save.png"/></Button>
<Separator/>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="bold.png"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="Italic.png"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="UnderLine.png"/></ToggleButton>
<Separator/>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="rightAline.png"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="centre.png"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="justify.png"/></ToggleButton>
<Separator/>
<Label>Zoom</Label>
<ComboBox> … </ComboBox>
<Separator/>
</ToolBar>
ToolBars can be placed anywhere in an element
tree, but they are typically placed inside a ToolBarTray
which is a FrameworkElement. ToolBarTray holds a collection of ToolBars and, unless its IsLocked property is
set to true, enables users to
drag and reposition the ToolBars.
StatusBar also a Items control like a ToolBar. Next article will discuss about the WPF Range Controls.
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